Source

Quick Reference

while - while creates a loop that repeatedly runs the data inside the special brackets untill the execution code (following the normal brackets right after "while" is complete.
array - an array is a variable that holds multiple fields, which can be referred to by each name of that field, basically an array is a variable that holds other variables.
variable - a variable is a single piece of connecting characters prefixed by a dollar symbol, this variable can contain data, for example $hello can contain "Hello World!" and when printed out to the browser it will print out "Hello World!" rather than $hello.

uppercase characters are MySQL commands, lowercase characters are custom data.

SELECT - tells MySQL that it is going to SELECT data from the database.
Brackets "(xxx)" - Brackets contain multiple data, as you are not just adding one field. In the example the first set of data inside brackets are the fields you are inserting data into